Soil Pollution, Heavy Metals, Remediation info:eu-repo/semantics/article Soil remediation : Perspectives and risks The Academy of Applied Studies Polytechnic Katarine Ambrozić, Belgrade, Serbia application/pdf 5693017 bytes https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:8700 ISBN: 978-86-7498-146-7 eng 2025 Proceedings - International Scientific and Professional Conference Politehnika 2025, 28th November 2025, Belgrade, Serbia startpage: 248 endpage: 253 Mitrović, Tatjana Perović, Marija Obradović, Darija Lazović, Saša Elevated levels of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), aluminium (Al), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)), lead to harmful changes in soil quality which must be taken out of agricultural production and can compromise groundwater quality and safety. It is essential to adopt cost-effective, environmentally friendly, sustainable, and reliable remediation strategies for contaminated soils. A review of various soil remediation studies has been analysed herein. Techniques, such as soil excavation, deep plowing, solidification, stabilization, soil washing, and phytoremediation, are frequently employed to address metal pollution in soils. Their sustainability can be limited by effectiveness in addressing the presence of multiple metals with different geochemical behaviours, environmental impacts, and cost constraints. Phytoextraction is recognized as an environmentally and economically advantageous method, but its slow remediation rates may require several decades to even centuries to effectively clean heavily contaminated sites. Soil washing is a cost-effective method but the treatment for purifying and reusing eluents still remains. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) derived from waste biomass and its modified by-products show promise as eco-friendly, low-cost alternatives for treating both soil and eluents. This review also consolidates global advancements in innovative nano and electrokinetic (EK) remediation technologies. All rights reserved