
<ns0:uwmetadata xmlns:ns0="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/V1.0" xmlns:ns1="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0" xmlns:ns10="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/provenience/V1.0" xmlns:ns11="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/provenience/V1.0/entity" xmlns:ns12="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/digitalbook/V1.0" xmlns:ns13="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/etheses/V1.0" xmlns:ns2="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/extended/V1.0" xmlns:ns3="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/entity" xmlns:ns4="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/requirement" xmlns:ns5="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/educational" xmlns:ns6="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/annotation" xmlns:ns7="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/classification" xmlns:ns8="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/lom/V1.0/organization" xmlns:ns9="http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/XML/metadata/histkult/V1.0">
  <ns1:general>
    <ns1:identifier>o:8386</ns1:identifier>
    <ns1:title language="en">SustainableWireworm Control in Wheat via Selected Bacillus thuringiensis Strains: A Biocontrol Perspective</ns1:title>
    <ns1:language>en</ns1:language>
    <ns1:description language="en">Abstract: Wireworms are often referred as a hardly manageable group of pests due to their unstable
lifestyle and uneven distribution in soils. The current strategy of wireworm control
involves the heavy use of chemical pesticides. To find an effective and eco-friendly biological
control agent against wireworms, evaluation of bacterial properties and insecticidal
effects of six Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) strains against Agriotes lineatus was performed under
laboratory conditions. The presence of cry11, cyt2 and krsA gene was detected in Bt
strain BHC 2.4, while the same strain had the ability to produce siderophores, protease,
amylase and cellulase. Single inoculums of Bt strains (BHC 2.4; BHC 4.5; BHC 4.7; 1.5; 4.3;
6.1) showed mortality against Agriotes lineatus larvae in the range of 6.67–72.22%. However,
the compatible Bt dual cultures showed significantly higher efficiency in comparison
with the single inoculums, with the highest efficiency of 79.63% recorded for Bt strain
BHC 2.4 + Bt strain 1.5. The efficiency of applied Bt strains might be associated with the
presence of genes coding for antibiotics and toxins. Therefore, the use of selected Bt strains
applied in a form of compatible mixes could offer a sustainable solution for wireworm
management in wheat.</ns1:description>
    <ns1:keyword language="en">Agriotes lineatus; entomopathogenic bacteria; biocontrol; microbial inoculant; wheat protection</ns1:keyword>
    <ns2:identifiers>
      <ns2:resource>1552099</ns2:resource>
      <ns2:identifier>10.3390/agriculture15192049</ns2:identifier>
    </ns2:identifiers>
  </ns1:general>
  <ns1:lifecycle>
    <ns1:upload_date>2025-10-22T08:48:54.318Z</ns1:upload_date>
    <ns1:status>44</ns1:status>
    <ns2:peer_reviewed>no</ns2:peer_reviewed>
    <ns1:contribute seq="0">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Marina </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Dervišević Milenković</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Institute of Pesticides and Environmental Protection</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0003-2661-6412</ns3:orcid>
      </ns1:entity>
    </ns1:contribute>
    <ns1:contribute seq="1">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Magdalena </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Knežević</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Institute of Soil Science</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0003-0186-3652</ns3:orcid>
      </ns1:entity>
    </ns1:contribute>
    <ns1:contribute seq="2">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Marina </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Jovković</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Institute of Soil Science</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-7224-8556</ns3:orcid>
      </ns1:entity>
    </ns1:contribute>
    <ns1:contribute seq="3">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Jelena </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Maksimović</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Institute of Soil Science</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-5217-3972</ns3:orcid>
      </ns1:entity>
    </ns1:contribute>
    <ns1:contribute seq="4">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Uroš </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Buzurović</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Institute of Soil Science</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0009-0000-7702-659X</ns3:orcid>
      </ns1:entity>
    </ns1:contribute>
    <ns1:contribute seq="5">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Jelena </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Pavlović</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Institute of Soil Science</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0001-9424-1080</ns3:orcid>
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    <ns1:contribute seq="6">
      <ns1:role>46</ns1:role>
      <ns1:entity seq="0">
        <ns3:firstname>Aneta </ns3:firstname>
        <ns3:lastname>Buntić</ns3:lastname>
        <ns3:institution>Institute of Soil Science</ns3:institution>
        <ns3:orcid>0000-0002-7068-1804</ns3:orcid>
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  <ns1:technical>
    <ns1:format>application/pdf</ns1:format>
    <ns1:size>959925</ns1:size>
    <ns1:location>https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:8386</ns1:location>
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    <ns1:copyright>yes</ns1:copyright>
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  <ns12:digitalbook>
    <ns12:name_magazine language="en">Agriculture</ns12:name_magazine>
    <ns12:releaseyear>2025</ns12:releaseyear>
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