o:6756 Positive feedbacks and alternative stable states in forest leaf types en The emergence of alternative stable states in forest systems has significant implications for the functioning and structure of the terrestrial biosphere, yet empirical evidence remains scarce. Here, we combine global forest biodiversity observations and simulations to test for alternative stable states in the presence of evergreen and deciduous forest types. We reveal a bimodal distribution of forest leaf types across temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere that cannot be explained by the environment alone, suggesting signatures of alternative forest states. Moreover, we empirically demonstrate the existence of positive feedbacks in tree growth, recruitment and mortality, with trees having 4–43% higher growth rates, 14–17% higher survival rates and 4–7 times higher recruitment rates when they are surrounded by trees of their own leaf type. Simulations show that the observed positive feedbacks are necessary and sufficient to generate alternative forest states, which also lead to dependency on history (hysteresis) during ecosystem transition from evergreen to deciduous forests and vice versa. We identify hotspots of bistable forest types in evergreen-deciduous ecotones, which are likely driven by soil-related positive feedbacks. These findings are integral to predicting the distribution of forest biomes, and aid to our understanding of biodiversity, carbon turnover, and terrestrial climate feedbacks. 1552099 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-48676-5 2024-12-24T09:41:29.483Z 44 yes 46 Yibiao Zou 46 Constantin M. Zohner 46 Colin Averill 46 Haozhi Ma 46 Julian Merder 46 Miguel Berdugo 46 Lalasia Bialic-Murphy 46 Lidong Mo 46 Philipp Brun 46 Niklaus E. Zimmermann 46 Jingjing Liang 46 Sergio de-Miguel 46 Gert-Jan Nabuurs 46 Peter B. Reich 46 Ulo Niinements 46 Jonas Dahlgren 46 Gerald Kändler 46 Sophia Ratcliffe 46 Paloma Ruiz-Benito 46 Miguel  Angel de Zavala 46 Meinrad Abegg 46 Yves C. Adou Yao 46 Giorgio Alberti 46 Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano 46 Braulio Vilchez Alvarado 46 Esteban Alvarez-Dávila 46 Patricia Alvarez-Loayza 46 Luciana F. Alves 46 Christian Ammer 46 Clara Antón-Fernández 46 Alejandro Araujo-Murakami 46 Luzmila Arroyo 46 Valerio Avitabile 46 Gerardo A. Aymard 46 Timothy R. Baker 46 Radomir Bałazy 46 Olaf Banki 46 Jorcely G. Barroso 46 Meredith L. Bastian 46 Jean-Francois Bastin 46 Luca Birigazzi 46 Philippe Birnbaum 46 Robert Bitariho 46 Pascal Boeckx 46 Frans Bongers 46 Olivier Bouriaud 46 Pedro H. S. Brancalion 46 Susanne Brandl 46 Francis Q. Brearley 46 Roel Brienen 46 Eben N. Broadbent 46 Helge Bruelheide 46 Filippo Bussotti 46 Roberto Cazzolla Gatti 46 Ricardo G. César 46 Goran Češljar 0000-0003-0438-1050 46 Robin Chazdon 46 Han Y. H. Chen 46 Chelsea Chisholm 46 Hyunkook Cho 46 Emil Cienciala 46 Connie Clark 46 David Clark 46 Gabriel D. Colletta 46 David A. Coomes 46 Fernando Cornejo Valverde 46 José J. Corral-Rivas 46 Philip M. Crim 46 Jonathan R. Cumming 46 Selvadurai Dayanandan 46 André L. de Gasper 46 Mathieu Decuyper 46 Géraldine Derroire 46 Ben DeVries 46 Ilija Djordjevic 0000-0001-9499-3565 46 Jiri Dolezal 46 Aurélie Dourdain 46 Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang 46 Brian J. Enquist 46 Teresa J. Eyre 46 Adandé Belarmain Fandohan 46 Tom M. Fayle 46 Ted R. Feldpausch 46 Leandro V. Ferreira 46 Leena Finér 46 Markus Fischer 46 Christine Fletcher 46 Jonas Fridman 46 Lorenzo Frizzera 46 Javier G. P. Gamarra 46 Damiano Gianelle 46 Henry B. Glick 46 David J. Harris 46 Andrew Hector 46 Andreas Hemp 46 Geerten Hengeveld 46 Bruno Hérault 46 John L. Herbohn 46 Martin Herold 46 Annika Hillers 46 Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado 46 Cang Hui 46 Thomas Ibanez 46 Amaral Iêda 46 Nobuo Imai 46 Andrzej M. Jagodziński 46 Bogdan Jaroszewicz 46 Vivian Kvist Johannsen 46 Carlos A. Joly 46 Tommaso Jucker 46 Ilbin Jung 46 Viktor Karminov 46 Kuswata Kartawinata 46 Elizabeth Kearsley 46 David Kenfack 46 Deborah K. Kennard 46 Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas 46 Gunnar Keppel 46 Mohammed Latif Khan 46 Timothy J. Killeen 46 Hyun Seok Kim 46 Kanehiro Kitayama 46 Michael Köhl 46 Henn Korjus 46 Florian Kraxner 46 Diana Laarmann 46 Mait Lang 46 Simon L. Lewis 46 Huicui Lu 46 Natalia V. Lukina 46 Brian S. Maitner 46 Yadvinder Malhi 46 Eric Marcon 46 Beatriz Schwantes Marimon 46 Ben Hur Marimon-Junior 46 Andrew R. Marshall 46 Emanuel H. Martin 46 Dmitry Kucher 46 Jorge A. Meave 46 Omar Melo-Cruz 46 Casimiro Mendoza 46 Cory Merow 46 Abel Monteagudo Mendoza 46 Vanessa S. Moreno 46 Sharif A. Mukul 46 Philip Mundhenk 46 María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda 46 David Neill 46 Victor J. Neldner 46 Radovan V. Nevenić 46 Michael R. Ngugi 46 Pascal A. Niklaus 46 Jacek Oleksyn 46 Petr Ontikov 46 Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi 46 Yude Pan 46 Alain Paquette 46 Alexander Parada-Gutierrez 46 Elena I. Parfenova 46 Minjee Park 46 Marc Parren 46 Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy 46 Pablo L. Peri 46 Sebastian Pfautsch 46 Oliver L. Phillips 46 Nicolas Picard 46 Maria Teresa T. F. Piedade 46 Daniel Piotto 46 Nigel C. A. Pitman 46 Irina Polo 46 Lourens Poorter 46 Axel D. Poulsen 46 John R. Poulsen 46 Hans Pretzsch 46 Freddy Ramirez Arevalo 46 Zorayda Restrepo-Correa 46 Mirco Rodeghiero 46 Samir G. Rolim 46 Anand Roopsind 46 Francesco Rovero 46 Ervan Rutishauser 46 Purabi Saikia 46 Christian Salas-Eljatib 46 Philippe Saner 46 Peter Schall 46 Mart-Jan Schelhaas 46 Dmitry Schepaschenko 46 Michael Scherer-Lorenzen 46 Bernhard Schmid 46 Jochen Schöngart 46 Eric B. Searle 46 Vladimír Seben 46 Josep M. Serra-Diaz 46 Douglas Sheil 46 Anatoly Z. Shvidenko 46 Javier E. Silva-Espejo 46 Marcos Silveira 46 James Singh 46 Plinio Sist 46 Ferry Slik 46 Bonaventure Sonké 46 Alexandre F. Souza 46 Stanislaw Miscicki 46 Krzysztof J. Stereńczak 46 Jens-Christian Svenning 46 Miroslav Svoboda 46 Ben Swanepoel 46 Natalia Targhetta 46 Nadja Tchebakova 46 Hans ter Steege 46 Raquel Thomas 46 Elena Tikhonova 46 Peter M. Umunay 46 Vladimir A. Usoltsev 46 Renato Valencia 46 Fernando Valladares 46 Fons van der Plas 46 Tran Van Do 46 Michael E. van Nuland 46 Rodolfo M. Vasquez 46 Hans Verbeeck 46 Helder Viana 46 Alexander C. Vibrans 46 Simone Vieira 46 Klaus von Gadow 46 Hua-Feng Wang Wang 46 James V. Watson 46 Gijsbert D. A. Werner 46 Bertil Westerlund 46 Susan K. Wiser 46 Florian Wittmann 46 Hannsjoerg Woell 46 Verginia Wortel 46 Roderik Zagt 46 Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki 46 Chunyu Zhang 46 Xiuhai Zhao 46 Mo Zhou 46 Zhi-Xin Zhu 46 Irie C. Zo-Bi 46 Thomas W. Crowther application/pdf 9045840 https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:6756 no yes 16 70 92000001 2024 71A07 Nature communications 15 4658 Nature 2024