o:5220 Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Risk Mitigation within the One Health Context en The application of antimicrobials in aquaculture primarily aims to prevent and treat bacterial infections in fish, but their inappropriate use may result in the emergence of zoonotic antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the subsequent transmission of resistant strains to humans via food consumption. The aquatic environment serves as a potential reservoir for resistant bacteria, pro- viding an ideal breeding ground for development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). The mutual inter-connection of intensive fish-farming systems with terrestrial environments, the food processing industry and human population creates pathways for the transmission of resistant bacteria, exacer- bating the problem further. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the most effective and available risk mitigation strategies to tackle AMR in aquaculture, based on the One Health (OH) concept. The stringent antimicrobial use guidelines, promoting disease control methods like enhanced farm biosecurity measures and vaccinations, alternatives to antibiotics (ABs) (prebiotics, probiotics, immunostimulants, essential oils (EOs), peptides and phage therapy), feeding practices, genetics, monitoring water quality, and improving wastewater treatment, rather than applying excessive use of antimicrobials, can effectively prevent the development of AMR and release of resistant bacteria into the environment and food. The contribution of the environment to AMR development traditionally receives less attention, and, therefore, environmental aspects should be included more prominently in OH efforts to predict, detect and prevent the risks to health. This is of particular importance for low and middle-income countries with a lack of integration of the national AMR action plans (NAPs) with the aquaculture-producing environment. Integrated control of AMR in fisheries based on the OH approach can contribute to substantial decrease in resistance, and such is the case in Asia, where in aquaculture, the percentage of antimicrobial compounds with resistance exceeding 50% (P50) decreased from 52% to 22% within the period of the previous two decades. antimicrobial resistance; aquaculture; fisheries; risk mitigation; One Health 1552099 10.3390/foods13152448 2024-08-09T11:58:16.058Z 44 yes 46 Milan Milijašević Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Risk Mitigation within the One Health Context https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-236X Slavica Vesković-Moračanin Institute of Meat Hygiene and Technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Risk Mitigation within the One Health Context person https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6904-9510 Jelena Babić-Milijašević Institute of meat hygiene and technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11 000 Belgrade, Serbia Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Risk Mitigation within the One Health Context person https://orcid.org/0009-0003-8923-7046 Jelena Petrović Scientific Veterinary Institute ‘Novi Sad’, 21113 Novi Sad, Serbia; Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Risk Mitigation within the One Health Context person Ivan Nastasijević Instiute of meat hygiene and technology, Kaćanskog 13, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia Antimicrobial Resistance in Aquaculture: Risk Mitigation within the One Health Context person https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7141-269X 2024-08-02 application/pdf 2251948 https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:5220 no yes 16 70 92000002 2024-08-01 71A01 Foods 2448 13 MDPI