o:3666 The number of tree species on Earth en One of the most fundamental questions in ecology is how many species inhabit the Earth. However, due to massive logistical and financial challenges and taxonomic difficulties connected to the species concept definition, the global numbers of species, including those of important and well-studied life forms such as trees, still remain largely unknown. Here, based on global ground-sourced data, we estimate the total tree species richness at global, continental, and biome levels. Our results indicate that there are ∼73,000 tree species globally, among which ∼9,000 tree species are yet to be discovered. Roughly 40% of undiscovered tree species are in South America. Moreover, almost one-third of all tree species to be discovered may be rare, with very low populations and limited spatial distribution (likely in remote tropical lowlands and mountains). These findings highlight the vulnerability of global forest biodiversity to anthropogenic changes in land use and climate, which disproportionately threaten rare species and thus, global tree richness. biodiversity, forests, hyperdominance, rarity, richness 1552099 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115329119 1552102 https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.2115329119 2024-01-10T12:56:29.501Z 44 yes 46 Peter B. Reich 46 Javier G. P. Gamarra 46 Tom Crowther 46 Cang Hui 46 Albert Morera 46 Jean-Francois Bastin 46 Sergio de-Miguel 46 Gert-Jan Nabuurs 46 Jens-Christian Svenning 46 Josep M. Serra-Diaz 46 Cory Merow 46 Brian Enquist 46 Maria Kamenetsky 46 Junho Lee 46 Jun Zhu 46 Jinyun Fang 46 Douglass F. Jacobs 46 Bryan Pijanowski 46 Arindam Banerjee 46 Robert A. Giaquinto 46 Giorgio Alberti 46 Angelica Maria Almeyda Zambrano 46 Esteban Alvarez-Davila 46 Alejandro Araujo-Murakami 46 Valerio Avitabile 46 Gerardo A. Aymard 46 Radomir Balazy 46 Chris Baraloto 46 Jorcely G. Barroso 46 Meredith L. Bastian 46 Philippe Birnbaum 46 Robert Bitariho 46 Jan Bogaert 46 Frans Bongers 46 Olivier Bouriaud 46 Pedro H. S. Brancalion 46 Francis Q. Brearley 46 Eben North Broadbent 46 Filippo Bussotti 46 Wendeson Castro da Silva 46 Ricardo Gomes César 46 Goran Češljar Goran Češljar 0000-0003-0438-1050 46 Víctor Chama Moscoso 46 Han Y. H. Chen 46 Emil Cienciala 46 Connie J. Clark 46 David A. Coomes 46 Selvadurai Dayanandan 46 Mathieu Decuyper 46 Laura E. Dee 46 Jhon Del Aguila Pasquel 46 Géraldine Derroire 46 Marie Noel Kamdem Djuikouo 46 Tran Van Do 46 Jiri Dolezal 46 Ilija Đ. Đorđević 0000-0001-9499-3565 46 Julien Engel 46 Tom M. Fale 46 Ted R. Feldpausch 46 Jonas K. Fridman 46 David J. Harris 46 Andreas Hemp 46 Geerten Hengeveld 46 Bruno Herault 46 Martin Herold 46 Thomas Ibanez 46 Andrzej M. Jagodzinski 46 Bogdan Jaroszewicz 46 Kathryn J. Jeffery 46 Vivian Kvist Johannsen 46 Tommaso Jucker 46 Ahto Kangur 46 Victor N. Karminov 46 Kuswata Kartawinata 46 Deborah K. Kennard 46 Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas 46 Gunnar Keppel 46 Mohammed Latif Khan 46 Pramod Kumar Khare 46 Timothy J. Kileen 46 Hyun Seok Kim 46 Henn Korjus 46 Amit Kumar 46 Ashwani Kumar 46 Diana Laarmann 46 Nicolas Labrière 46 Mait Lang 46 Simon L. Lewis 46 Natalia Lukina 46 Brian S. Maitner 46 Yadvinder Malhi 46 Andrew R. Marshall 46 Olga V. Martynenko 46 Abel L. Monteagudo Mendoza 46 Petr V. Ontikov 46 Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi 46 Nadir C. Pallqui Camacho 46 Alain Paquette 46 Minjee Park 46 Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy 46 Pablo Luis Peri 46 Pascal Petronelli 46 Sebastian Pfautsch 46 Oliver L. Phillips 46 Nicolas Picard 46 Daniel Piotto 46 Lourens Poorter 46 John R. Poulsen 46 Hans Pretzsch 46 Hirma Ramírez-Angulo 46 Zorayda Restrepo Correa 46 Mirco Rodeghiero 46 Rocío Del Pilar Rojas Gonzáles 46 Samir G. Rolim 46 Francesco Rovero 46 Ervan Rutishauser 46 Purabi Saikia 46 Christian Salas-Eljatib 46 Dmitry Schepaschenko 46 Michael Scherer-Lorenzen 46 Vladimír Šebeň 46 Marcos Silveira 46 Ferry Slik 46 Bonaventure Sonké 46 Alexandre F. Souza 46 Krzysztof Jan Stereńczak 46 Miroslav Svoboda 46 Hermann Taedoumg 46 Nadja Tchebakova 46 John Terborgh 46 Elena Tikhonova 46 Armando Torres-Lezama 46 Fons van der Plas 46 Rodolfo Vásquez 46 Helder Viana 46 Alexander C. Vibrans 46 Emilio Vilanova 46 Vincent A. Vos 46 Hua-Feng Wang 46 Bertil Westerlund 46 Lee J. T. White 46 Susan K. Wiser 46 Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki 46 Lise Zemagho 46 Zhi-Xin Zhu 46 Irié C. Zo-Bi 46 Jingjing Lian application/pdf 1904529 https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:3666 no yes 18 70 1552253 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States / PNAS 119 1 11 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States / PNAS 2022