o:3665 The global biogeography of tree leaf form and habit en Understanding what controls global leaf type variation in trees is crucial for comprehending their role in terrestrial ecosystems, including carbon, water and nutrient dynamics. Yet our understanding of the factors influencing forest leaf types remains incomplete, leaving us uncertain about the global proportions of needle-leaved, broadleaved, evergreen and deciduous trees. To address these gaps, we conducted a global, ground-sourced assessment of forest leaf-type variation by integrating forest inventory data with comprehensive leaf form (broadleaf vs needle-leaf) and habit (evergreen vs deciduous) records. We found that global variation in leaf habit is primarily driven by isothermality and soil characteristics, while leaf form is predominantly driven by temperature. Given these relationships, we estimate that 38% of global tree individuals are needle-leaved evergreen, 29% are broadleaved evergreen, 27% are broadleaved deciduous and 5% are needle-leaved deciduous. The aboveground biomass distribution among these tree types is approximately 21% (126.4 Gt), 54% (335.7 Gt), 22% (136.2 Gt) and 3% (18.7 Gt), respectively. We further project that, depending on future emissions pathways, 17–34% of forested areas will experience climate conditions by the end of the century that currently support a different forest type, highlighting the intensification of climatic stress on existing forests. By quantifying the distribution of tree leaf types and their corresponding biomass, and identifying regions where climate change will exert greatest pressure on current leaf types, our results can help improve predictions of future terrestrial ecosystem functioning and carbon cycling 91552100 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41477-023-01543-5 2024-01-10T11:38:52.084Z 44 yes 46 Ma Haozhi 46 Thomas W. Crowther 46 Mo Lidong 46 Daniel S. Maynard 46 Susanne S. Renner 46 Johan van den Hoogen 46 Zou Yibiao 46 Liang Jingjing 46 Sergio de-Miguel 46 Nabuurs Gert-Jan 46 Peter B. Reich 46 Niinemets Ülo 46 Abegg Meinrad 46 Yves C. Adou Yao 46 Giorgio Alberti 46 Angelica M. Almeyda Zambrano 46 Braulio Vilchez Alvarado 46 Esteban Alvarez-Dávila 46 Patricia Patricia Alvarez-Loayza 46 Luciana F. Alves 46 Christian Ammer 46 Clara Antón-Fernández 46 Alejandro Araujo-Murakami 46 Luzmila Arroyo 46 Valerio Avitabile 46 Gerardo A. Aymard 46 Timothy R. Baker 46 Radomir Bałazy 46 Olaf Banki 46 Jorcely G. Barroso 46 Meredith L. Bastian 46 Jean-Francois Bastin 46 Luca Birigazzi 46 Philippe Birnbaum  46 Robert Bitariho  46 Pascal Boeckx  46 Frans Bongers  46 Olivier Bouriaud  46 Pedro H. S. Brancalion  46 Susanne Brandl  46 Francis Q. Brearley  46 Roel Brienen  46 Eben N. Broadbent  46 Helge Bruelheide  46 Filippo Bussotti  46 Roberto Cazzolla Gatti  46 Ricardo G. César  46 Goran Cesljar  0000-0003-0438-1050 46 Robin Chazdon  46 Han Y. H. Chen  46 Chelsea Chisholm  46 Hyunkook Cho  46 Emil Cienciala  46 Connie Clark  46 David Clark  46 Gabriel D. Colletta  46 David A. Coomes  46 Fernando Cornejo Valverde  46 José J. Corral-Rivas  46 Philip M. Crim  46 Jonathan R. Cumming  46 Selvadurai Dayanandan  46 André L. de Gasper  46 Mathieu Decuyper  46 Géraldine Derroire  46 Ben DeVries  46 Ilija Djordjevic  0000-0001-9499-3565 46 Jiri Dolezal  46 Aurélie Dourdain  46 Nestor Laurier Engone Obiang  46 Brian J. Brian J. Enquist  46 Teresa J. Eyre  46 Adandé Belarmain Fandohan  46 Tom M. Fayle  46 Ted R. Feldpausch  46 Leandro V. Ferreira  46 Leena Finér  46 Markus Fischer  46 Christine Fletcher  46 Jonas Fridman  46 Lorenzo Frizzera  46 Javier G. P. Gamarra  46 Damiano Gianelle  46 Henry B. Glick  46 David J. Harris  46 Andrew Hector  46 Andreas Hemp  46 Geerten Hengeveld  46 Bruno Hérault  46 John L. Herbohn  46 Martin Herold  46 Annika Hillers  46 Eurídice N. Honorio Coronado  46 Cang Hui  46 Thomas T. Ibanez  46 Iêda Amaral  46 Nobuo Imai  46 Andrzej M. Jagodziński  46 Bogdan Jaroszewicz  46 Vivian Kvist Johannsen  46 Carlos A. Joly  46 Tommaso Jucker  46 Ilbin Jung  46 Viktor Karminov  46 Kuswata Kartawinata  46 Elizabeth Kearsley  46 David Kenfack  46 Deborah K. Kennard  46 Sebastian Kepfer-Rojas  46 Gunnar Keppel  46 Mohammed Latif Khan  46 Timothy J. Killeen  46 Hyun Seok Kim  46 Kanehiro Kitayama  46 Michael Köhl  46 Henn Korjus  46 Florian Kraxner  46 Dmitry Kucher  46 Diana Laarmann  46 Mait Lang  46 Simon L. Lewis  46 Huicui Lu 46 Natalia V. Lukina  46 Brian S. Maitner  46 Yadvinder Malhi  46 Eric Marcon  46 Beatriz Schwantes Marimon  46 Ben Hur Marimon-Junior  46 Andrew R. Marshall  46 Emanuel H. Martin  46 Jorge A. Meave  46 Omar Melo-Cruz  46 Casimiro Mendoza  46 Cory Merow  46 Abel Monteagudo Mendoza  46 Vanessa S. Moreno  46 Sharif A. Mukul  46 Philip Mundhenk  46 María Guadalupe Nava-Miranda  46 David Neill  46 Victor J. Neldner  46 Radovan V. Nevenic  46 Michael R. Ngugi  46 Pascal A. Niklaus  46 Jacek Oleksyn  46 Petr Ontikov  46 Edgar Ortiz-Malavasi  46 Yude Pan  46 Alain Paquette  46 Alexander Parada-Gutierrez  46 Elena I. Parfenova  46 Minjee Park  46 Marc Parren  46 Narayanaswamy Parthasarathy  46 Pablo L. Peri  46 Sebastian Pfautsch  46 Oliver L. Phillips  46 Nicolas Picard  46 Maria Teresa F. Piedade  46 Daniel Piotto  46 Nigel C. A. Nigel C. A. Pitman  46 Irina Mendoza-Polo  46 Axel D. Poulsen  46 John R. Poulsen  46 Hans Pretzsch  46 Freddy Ramirez Arevalo  46 Zorayda Zorayda Restrepo-Correa  46 Mirco Rodeghiero  46 Samir G. Rolim  46 Anand Roopsind  46 Francesco Rovero  46 Ervan Rutishauser  46 Purabi Saikia  46 Christian Salas-Eljatib  46 Philippe Saner  46 Peter Schall  46 Mart-Jan Schelhaas  46 Dmitry Schepaschenko  46 Michael Scherer-Lorenzen  46 Bernhard Schmid  46 Jochen Schöngart  46 Eric B. Searle  46 Vladimír Seben  46 Josep M. Serra-Diaz  46 Douglas Sheil  46 Anatoly Z. Shvidenko  46 Javier E. Silva-Espejo  46 Marcos Silveira  46 James Singh  46 Plinio Sist  46 Ferry Slik  46 Bonaventure Sonké  46 Alexandre F. Souza  46 Stanislaw Miścicki  46 Krzysztof J. Stereńczak  46 Jens-Christian Svenning  46 Miroslav Svoboda  46 Ben Swanepoel  46 Natalia Targhetta  46 Nadja Tchebakova  46 Hans ter Steege  46 Raquel Thomas  46 Elena Tikhonova  46 Peter M. Umunay  46 Vladimir A. Usoltsev  46 Renato Valencia  46 Fernando Valladares  46 Fons van der Plas  46 Tran Van Do  46 Michael E. van Nuland  46 Rodolfo M. Vasquez  46 Hans Verbeeck  46 Helder Viana  46 Alexander C. Vibrans  46 Simone Vieira  46 Klaus von Gadow  46 Hua-Feng Wang  46 James V. Watson  46 Gijsbert D. A. Werner  46 Bertil Westerlund  46 Susan K. Wiser  46 Florian Wittmann  46 Hannsjoerg Woell  46 Verginia Wortel  46 Roderick Zagt  46 Tomasz Zawiła-Niedźwiecki  46 Chunyu Zhang  46 Xiuhai Zhao  46 Mo Zhou  46 Zhi-Xin Zhu  46 Irie C. Zo-Bi  46 Constantin M. Zohner application/pdf 3646697 https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:3665 no yes 16 70 1552253 Nature plants 9 1795 1809 Nature 2023