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    <ns1:title language="en">Joint surgical associations (EACTS, LACES, ASCVTS, AATS, and STS) position statement regarding the VARC-3 definitions for aortic valve clinical research</ns1:title>
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    <ns1:description language="en">Conducting optimal clinical research is complex, resource intensive, and time consuming. A critical part of improving the evidence to guide our
cardiovascular clinical practice is clinical trials’ methodologic design and choices of outcomes and endpoints. The Academic Research Consortia were created to define the most critical and standardized definitions of outcome measures. The Valve Academic Research Consortium
(VARC) has substantially improved the quality of trials on aortic valve interventions through its multiple iterations. The latest VARC-3 definitions1 aim to add more granularity and a patient focus to a rapidly evolving field
and are particularly useful in providing a standard definition of bioprosthetic valve failure. This position statement considers the strengths and limitations of the VARC-3 document, identifies areas of concern, and proposes a way forward to further improve these definitions.</ns1:description>
    <ns1:keyword language="en">Key words: VARC-3, definitions, rehospitalization, thrombus</ns1:keyword>
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