o:2149 Force majeure and hardship model clauses published by the International Chamber of Commerce Model klauzule o višoj sili i promenjenim okolnostima Međunarodne trgovinske komore sr ABSTRACT: In today’s global economy a high level of legal certainty and predictability of commercial relations is required, due to the large number and speed of contracting and execution. International trade requires a clear but also flexible system of legal rules that allow smooth functioning of the flow of goods and services. Traders from different countries bring with them indi- vidual trade practices and norms of national legislation that are often dia- metrically opposed, and sometimes legal institutes that are regulated in one country don’t even exist in another. This is the case with the institutes of force majeure and hardship. Due to the large differences in the regulation of these two institutes in national legal systems there have been attempts of standardization and creation of a unified system of exemption from liabil- ity for non-performance due to force majeure or changed circumstances. Similarly to national legislation the sources of uniform law contain incon- sistencies in the standardization of these institutes. Due to this situation, the participants in international trade often decide to incorporate the force majeure and hardship clauses into their contracts. Renowned international organizations, such as the International Chamber of Commerce, have set up their system of model contract clauses in order to ensure equity, legal certainty and fairness. This paper deals with the position of force majeure and hardship model clauses, published by the International Chamber of Commerce, in the international legal system, with reference to problems in uniform sources of commercial law. REZIME: Današnja globalna privreda zahteva visok stepen pravne sigur- nosti i predvidljivosti privrednih odnosa usled velikog broja i brzine skla- panja i izvršenja ugovornih obaveza. Međunarodna trgovina zahteva jasan ali fleksibilan sistem pravnih pravila koji omogućavaju nesmetano funski- onisanje protoka roba i usluga. Trgovci iz različitih zemalja sa sobom nose individualne trgovačke običaje i norme nacionalnih zakonodavstava koje su često dijametralno suprotne, a nekad pravni instituti koji su uređeni u jednoj zemlji u drugoj i ne postoje. Takav je slučaj i sa institutima više sile i pro- menjenim okolnostima. Usled velikih razlika u normiranju ova dva instituta u nacionalnim pravima učinjeni su pokušaji unifikacije i stvaranja jedin- stvenog sistema oslobođenja od odgovornosti za neizvršenje ugovora usled više sile ili promenjenih okolnosti. Kao i nacionalna zakonodavstva i izvo- ri uniformnog prava sadrže nedoslednosti prilikom normiranja ovih instituta. Usled ovakve situacije učesnici međunarodne tržišne utakmice se odlučuju za inkorporisanje klauzula o višoj sili i promenjenim okolnostima u svoje ugovore. Ugledne međunarodne organizacije, poput Međunarodne trgovin- ske komore, formirale su svoje model klauzule za trgovačke ugovore, kako bi se osigurala ravnopravnost, pravna sigurnost i pravičnost. Ovaj rad se bavi pozicijom model klauzula o višoj sili i promenjenim okolnostima, Međuna- rodne trgovinske komore, u međunarodnom pravnom sistemu, sa osvrtom na probleme u uniformnim izvorima trgovačkog prava. Keywords: force majeure, hardship, model clause, International Chamber of Commerce Ključne reči: viša sila, promenjene okolnosti, model klauzule, Međunarodna trgovinska komora 1552099 10.5937/ptp1812073D 1552101 0352-3713 2023-05-26T12:04:42.601Z 44 yes 46 Stefan Ditrih Svetlana Marković Pravni fakultet za privredu i pravosuđe u Novom Sadu, Univerzitet Privredna akademija u Novom Sadu; The Faculty of Law for Commerce and Judiciary in Novi Sad, The University of Business Academy in Novi Sad person 0000-0003-2776-6519 application/pdf 370381 https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:2149 no yes 16 70 1552253 211A01 Pravo - teorija i praksa 35 10/12 73 86 2018