o:1887 Human rights and the social position of citizens in ancient Rome Ljudska prava i društveni položaj građana u antičkom Rimu en ABSTRACT: The paper analyzes the status aspects of human rights during the period of existence of the Roman state. Considering the fact that it was the empire lasted for several centuries, the position of a human in it and his/ her rights changed. The modern understanding of human rights originates from the period of the end of the 18th and the beginning of the 19th century, when The School of Natural Law laid the foundations of the understanding of human, natural rights, which did not exist in that form during the ancient period. The primary social differentiation of the population in ancient Rome was based on a simple division of people into free ones and slaves. From this premise, they built the foundations of their rights as well as their social, legal and political positions. In theory, Roman history is chronologically divided into four periods: The period of Kings, The period of the Republic, the Principate and the Dominate. In those periods, the social structure differed significantly. The aim of this paper is to show the position of the population in each of these periods, their rights and mutual relationships. The Roman law represents the cradle of contemporary continental law, and the germ of human rights was “sown” exactly in that period, which, for this reason, deserves to be the subject of a deeper professional analysis. REZIME: U radu se analiziraju statusni aspekti ljudskih prava tokom perioda postojanja rimske države. Obzirom da se radi o imperiji koja je trajala više vekova, položaj čoveka u njoj i njegova prava su se menjali. Savremeno shvatanje ljudskih prava potiče iz perioda kraja XVIII i početka XIX veka kada je škola prirodnog prava postavila temelje shvatanja o ljudskim, prirodnim pravima, koja u tom obliku nisu postojala tokom antičkog perioda. Primarna društvena diferencijacija stanovništva u starom Rimu zasnivala su se na jednostavnoj podeli ljudi na slobodne i robove. Iz te premise oni su gradili temelje svojih prava i svoj društveni, pravni i politički položaj. Rimska istorija se u teoriji hronološki deli na četiri perioda: doba kraljeva, period republike, principat i dominat. Društvena struktura se u ovim periodima značajno razlikovala. Cilj ovog rada je da se prikaže položaj stanovništva u svakom od ovih perioda, njihova prava i međusobni odnos. Rimsko pravo predstavlja kolevku savremenog kontinentalnog prava, a klica ljudskih prava je “zasejana” u baš ovom periodu koji iz tog razloga zaslužuje da bude predmet dublje stručne anallize. Keywords: human rights, the right to life, slavery, Roman law, freedom Ključne reči: ljudska prava, pravo na život, ropstvo, rimsko pravo, sloboda 1552099 10.5937/ptp2203038S 1552101 0352-3713 2023-05-04T10:27:41.425Z 44 yes 46 Nenad Stefanović Pravni fakultet za privredu i pravosuđe u Novom Sadu, Univerzitet Privredna akademija u Novom Sadu; The Faculty of Law for Commerce and Judiciary in Novi Sad, The University of Business Academy in Novi Sad 0000-0002-7899-9585 application/pdf 585571 https://unilib.phaidrabg.rs/o:1887 no yes 16 70 92000001 211A01 Pravo - teorija i praksa 39 3 38 51 2022